Data refers to the collection of facts, figures, objects, symbols, and events from diverse sources. Companies and organizations use different methods to collect data from various sources. There is no doubt that without data, it will be very difficult for companies to make appropriate decisions regarding their businesses. Well, if you are also someone who deals with data regularly, then it becomes essential for you to know about different data collection methods. This guide tells you about the different data collection methods that you need to know about.
Understanding Data Collection Methods
It is not very difficult for you to understand data collection methods, as these refer to the different techniques and procedures that are employed to gather information for research. Anything from simple self-reported surveys to more complex quantitative or qualitative experiences is classified as a data collection method.
Some of the most common data collection methods that are used by people are surveys, interviews, focus groups, experiments, observations, and secondary data analysis. The data that is collected using all these methods is then analysed to support or negate a research hypothesis and draw conclusions regarding the subject matter of that study.
What are the different types of Data Collection Methods?
The selection of a method for data collection is influenced by the research question that is being tackled, the kind of data that is required, and the resources and time that are available. The methods of data collection can be divided into two main categories: primary and secondary methods.
Primary Data Collection Methods
The primary data comes from firsthand experience and has not been used in the past. The data collected through primary data collection methods are exact and are the exact purpose of the research. Primary data collection methods can be classified into two major types: quantitative and qualitative.
- Quantitative Methods: In the statistical forecasting of demand and market research, the most commonly used tools are statistical ones. Demand is predicted on the basis of past data in these methods. Primary data collection methods of this kind are usually applied for making forecasts months or years ahead. The methods of statistical analysis are very trustworthy, as the degree of subjectivity is minimal.
- Qualitative Methods: The methods of qualitative data collection are particularly convenient to use when there is a lack of historical data or when there is no need for numbers or mathematical calculations. The qualitative research is very much in connection with the non-quantifiable things like words, sounds, feelings, emotions, colors, etc. These methods are based on experience, judgment, intuition, conjecture, emotion, etc.
Secondary Data Collection Methods
Secondary data is data that was previously collected and used. The researcher can obtain data from the data sources, which can be both internal and external to the organization’s existing data.
The internal sources of secondary data are:
- Organization’s health and safety records
- Mission and vision statements
- Financial Statements
- Magazines
- Sales Reports
- CRM Software
- Executive summaries
External sources of secondary data are:
- Government reports
- Press releases
- Business journals
- Libraries
- Internet
Secondary data collection can also include quantitative and qualitative techniques; however, it is easily available and less time-consuming than primary methods.
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